DNA+Quiz+Review


 * DNA Quiz**


 * • components of a nucleotide (nitrogen base, phosphate, sugar)
 * • Kinds of RNA (messenger, transfer)
 * • Where replication takes place and how (nucleus, DNA unzips with enzymes, new complimentary strand made [starts at 5’ end])
 * • Where transcription takes place and how (nucleus, RNA polymerase [enzyme] unzips and makes mRNA strand)
 * • Where translation takes place and how (mRNA moves into cytoplasm, ribosomes attach, tRNA brings amino acids to make polypeptide)
 * • What effect a change in DNA code has on mRNA, on protein (change in code changes amino acids coded for: results in different proteins, different shapes, different functions)
 * • Frameshift and point mutations - the difference and the relative effects (example in notes – changes amino acids made)
 * • Gene mutation vs chromosomal mutation (gene mutation – part of the DNA strand is changed, like point and frameshift; chromosomal mutation – changes in chromosomes, like parts broken off or lost in meiosis or mitosis, like in crossing over in meiosis)
 * • How many nitrogen bases needed to make a code (3)
 * • code vs codon vs anticodon (code is 3 bases on DNA, codon is 3 bases on mRNA, anticodon is on tRNA that matches)
 * • Compare and contrast DNA vs RNA
 * • How many different amino acids are there (20)
 * • What DNA stands for (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
 * • Given a code (or codon or anticodon) be able to give the other 2 (Ex DNA TAC AAG CGA, mRNA AUG UUC GCU, tRNA UAC AAG CGA)
 * • Put events of DNA replication in order (http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/dna-rna2.swf)
 * • Be able to pick the events of Protein synthesis (transcription and translation) in order (review: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter15/animations.html#, also: http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf , and http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/translation.swf )
 * • Remember: enzymes are proteins and proteins are coded for by DNA and are made in ribosomes
 * • Scientists and what they did (Especially important: Watson and Crick, Rosalind Franklin)
 * • When/Why is replication done vs transcription (DNA replication right before cell division; Transcription – normal cell function to make proteins)
 * • Function of DNA, mRNA, tRNA (See above animations)
 * • what a mutagen is and examples (causes change in DNA code; ex: radiation (solar or xray), drugs, environmental pollutants, smoking, viruses
 * • Diagram a DNA molecule - label parts, make a key for every letter/symbol used, indicate a nucleotide and a code and what the actual shape is (in words)